Describe The Relationship Between Ancient Civilizations

Ancient Civilizations In this essay I will be explaining the relationship between four ancient civilizations. These civilizations include; Mesopotamia, India, China and Egypt. Not only will I be explaining the relationship between these four civilizations, I will also be explaining how the geography of these civilizations relate to religion, social classes,and writing. Paragraph 1 - Describe land and water forms The geography of these four civilizations are very important aspect of their culture and affect many things such as religion, social classes and even writing. Mesopotamia is the first known civilization in the 1800s. Mesopotamia stands for â€Å"The land between the rivers† Mesopotamia is located between the Tigris and Euphrates†¦show more content†¦The Nile River produces a plant called papyrus. This plant allows the egyptians to write because this plant is strong enough that the egyptians use it as a type of paper. The Egyptians built massive pyramids as tombs for fallen priests and pharaohs with massive 2 ton blocks of materials such as basalt,limestone, granite and alabaster. The Chinese civilizations had a great geography. With multiple rivers such as the Yellow River, the Yangtze, and the mountain ranges and long distance separating it from other civilizations. The Rivers in China brought fertile soil to the farming lands which is similar to all the other rivers. The chinese however had irrigation systems and many tools that help with farming such as iron tools and ox drawn iron plows. Other than the writing of the chinese the geography didn’t directly relate to the aspects listed above. China had a bunch of stone therefore the Chinese wrote on these stone blocks in Mandarin,their dominant language. The geography start out with india just by the land. India is a sub continent. The Harappans had relatively big cities with carefully planned streets and plumbing. once again rivers brought along fertile soil which in turn produced food for the harappans. Also each city was guarded by a fortress or temple at the top of a hill. The houses were all uniform and carefully planned and made of clay blocks. They were one of the few civilizations that had their own plumbing! Out of all of these four civilizations theyShow MoreRelatedAncient Greek And Romes Impact On Western Literature1642 Words   |  7 Pagesroman culture had on western civilization The ancient Greeks and Romans were two of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. The two civilizations thrived in their ancient environments which eventually led to a large amount of wealth within these two cultures. It is because of this that these ancient cultures were able to make a variety of advancements in literature, architecture, art and many other fields. 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Was America Founded as a Christian Nation - 927 Words

Was America Founded as a Christian Nation? Was America founded as a Christian nation? This question to me is very ambiguous. I say this because there you can question exactly how you define specific words or phrases in the context of the question. One that sticks out to me is what they mean by â€Å"founded as†. I myself take this as â€Å"was it founded as a nation the was meant only to support Christianity†. To this I would have to disagree with what I have gathered from discussion and reading from Feas book. America, while having founding fathers with Christian backgrounds, was not founded upon the principles of that Christian background. The reason I say this is because the sole reason why the nation was founded was so our founding father could be diverse and practice their own religion. The First Amendment declares the right of American citizens to practice freedom of religion. This free practice of beliefs supports the argument that self identity through religious exploration was encouraged. That itself would defy rules or laws that would be set in a nation founded around Christian principles. The American population had become very diverse by the time America became founded. However, a large amount of the population of the New England colonies had an Anglican background connected to the Catholic church which held a large amount of power in Europe. Intellectuals who explored the possibilities outside the explanations of the church used to be punished by law of the church inShow MoreRelatedChristianity : A Christian Nation1188 Words   |  5 PagesFollowing Jesus in America seems to be a very touchy subject in today’s time. Freedom of religion is practiced in America, and Americans are encouraged to practice whatever they choose. 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Impact of Police Brutality Free Essays

Police officers are not only trained to uphold ND respect the law but It Is made very clear to them that they are not above or Immune to the law themselves. Although they seem to believe they are. Due to the amount of power and authority given to police officers, they must be held accountable for any criminal actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Police Brutality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many of you are probably wondering why I chose this topic, and it is simply because it has probably touched every single person in this room, whether you witnessed it, heard about it or were a victim of it yourself but nothing Is being said or done to stop it. I’m not sure how many of you attended Blood West Villages annual Ukrainian Festival last weekend but If you did, there Is no doubt In my mind that you are thinking about the hundreds of armed police officers patrolling the festival as if it was a federal prison. Now I ask you, why would they do this? Why do police officers feel they have the right to treat the average citizen like a criminal? There are many incidents across Canada involving the RACE and Regional Police Forces, in which they are accused of abusing their authority and power, such as unjustified deaths including, but not limited to, the death of Robert Deskills In October 2007 at the Vancouver Airport, the unnecessary arrest and searches of hundreds of Innocent people during the 620 summit. There are countless videos and eyewitness testimonies to these occurrences, yet they go virtually unnoticed. Now I ask you, who is policing the police? A recent incident involving police brutality was the shocking assault caught on camera by officer Geoff Mantled in Keelson, British Columbia. Mantled was accused of assault causing bodily harm, after Instructing a suspect to get down, and as he proceeded to get on his hands and knees, the RACE officer kicked him In the face. As a suspect, you are innocent until proven guilty, therefore if you are complying with police, they have no right to assault you. This officer’s actions were intentional, deliberate and appalling to say the least. Now I ask you, what was the punishment for such a crime? Mantled was suspended from the force with pay. Sounds like more of a vacation to me! Do you think this is an adequate punishment for kicking someone in the face? I most certainly do not! Geoff Mantled should be charged with assault causing bodily harm, Like any other citizen would be. Due to the â€Å"Blue Shield,† which Is better known as he police code of silence, is simply the unwritten rule that all police officers will not to report against another colleague’s errors, misconducts or crimes. Police officers rarely go against this code because doing so would cause unrest within the department, and other consequences such as having your own misconduct exposed. Due to this, It is clear that police cannot be trusted to conduct their own internal Investigations Walton tenet department as ten result wall always De Dallas. Canaan needs an independent agency dedicated to investigating allegations of police conducts and excessive force in order to ensure accountability in these specific incidents. An external agency, free of political interference may help to restore some of the trust, confidence and respect of the RACE and regional police forces, which has been undermined by recent incidents of police misconduct. If police forces feel that they can assault people in broad daylight with multiple witnesses and get away with it then we can only imagine the things they think they can get away with when nobody is looking. Now I ask you, who is policing the police? Currently, it is nobody, and something must be done about it! How to cite Impact of Police Brutality, Papers

Tall Like The Tree by Delaney Gibson free essay sample

Delaney Gibson is an established independent singer-songwriter who has been recognized for songs such as â€Å"La Di Da,† â€Å"Better Version of Me, and â€Å"Chicago.† With two other full length albums to her name, she has proven that you do not have to be a huge celebrity to be a dynamic artist. With her debut and sophomore efforts, she creatively intertwined top forty pop which held strong on a singer-songwriter base. Her third album, Tall Like The Tree, which is set for release to the general public later this month (fans who backed her PledgeMusic campaign received advanced copies) shows that Delaney is still at the forefront of what she is doing and truly a mastermind. She plays with emotions throughout tracks touching on what seems to be anger, love, loss, and love again. Her powerful vocal range fits smoothly within the theatrical like production Joshua Bartholomew brings to the table. After nearly four years between albums, she shows the most growth on â€Å"Lions,† a powerful ballad that talks about the viscous state of mankind. We will write a custom essay sample on Tall Like The Tree by Delaney Gibson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Songs like, â€Å"Be,† â€Å"Give Up The Ghost,† and â€Å"When We Were Young† provide the energy it requires to make a Delaney Gibson album complete. To me, her vocals resemble the likes of Jewel on the song, â€Å"Your Heart Is My Home.† Overall, this album is one masterpiece Delaney should be very proud of. Music lovers worldwide should rush to listen to this collection as I promise, you will relate to at least one song on this record. Tall Like The Tree is truth, and rightfully shows Delaney will continue to grow â€Å"tall like the tree† for many years to come.

Stereotypes In Media Essays - Series, Black Sitcoms,

Stereotypes In Media My topic will address how minorities and women are misrepresented in the media and how they are stereotyped. I plan to show how minorities and women are depicted or stereotyped unfairly in the news, on television, and in general. In an article from USA Today magazine, it illustrated that if you have watched, listened to, and read media all your life, you probably have filed these images into your thinking process: African-Americans are mostly rap stars, professional athletes, drug addicts, welfare mothers, criminals and/or murderers; Latinos are illegal aliens, ignorant immigrants who take, but give little back to the country and can't even speak the language, or drug-crazed thugs who have no respect for law or order; Asian-Americans are either weak, model citizens or inscrutable, manipulative, or uncaring invaders of business, especially in the United States; Native Americans are illiterate, drunken Indians who hate all Caucasians and sleep away their lives. (Saltzman, 1994) If you are like most middle-class Americans, most of what you know about members of other races or religions comes from what you read in the paper, hear on radio, or see on television. It is easy to see that racial and ethnic stereotypes still dominate much of reporting today. In today's media, African-Americans, Latinos, Asian-Americans and Native Americans either are treated as invisible or the source of a particular problem: crime, immigration, or the economy. In reference to Native-Americans: when you watch a sport such as the Atlanta Braves baseball team or the Washington Redskins football team, you see the tomahawk chop and chants at these baseball or football games. Anything wrong with this? As for Hispanics, "You find a few Hispanics sprinkled through the networks but in supporting roles" says Hollywood publicist, Luis Reyes. "They are put there for color." (Heller 1994) In 1993, Hispanics who numbered 25 million in the United States, played in only eleven of the 800 prime-time network TV parts, according to a March 1993 Newsweek study. Another study conducted by the Center for Media and Public Affairs, found that of more than 7,000 TV characters on 620 prime-time shows between 1955 and 1987, there were 2 percent Hispanics and 6 percent Blacks. Last year, Common Law lasted only four episodes on ABC. Today, there are no shows that I can think of that are all Hispanic -- you have to go to cable TV to find a show. Now turning to Asians on TV, if you remember the show "All American Girl" which depicted a Korean family, it is no longer on the air. Where do we see them now? No where. Now let's focus on African-Americans. Television's most prominent black men are athletes and entertainers. On the court, on the field, on the rap stage, they are heroes to both Whites and Blacks, particularly to the young. What does this do? They may give an impressionable viewer the notion that speed, strength, and bad language will do for them what it has done for its heroes. Elsewhere on the small screen can be found black news anchors, reporters and commentators as well as actors, social workers, teachers, and public officials who represents different roads to achievement. But not even Colin Powell can compete in the dreams of most youngsters with that of a Shaquille O'Neal or Michael Jordan. Dr. Camille Cosby, who received her doctorate in education (her husband is Bill Cosby) has written a book: "Television's Imageable Influences: The Self Perception of Young African-Americans," which charts the damaging impact of derogatory images of African-Americans produced by our media. She observed that self-esteem is considered a pre-requisite for success. She states, "What impact would it have on your psyche to see your people constantly portrayed as the devoted servant, the chicken and watermelon eater, the sexual superman, or the social delinquent, among many other derogatory images?" It is for these and other reasons that Dr. Cosby wrote her book to emphasize the real human cost of media misinformation and indifference. Dr. Cosby also states, "As a mother, I am very aware of what children watch and how they are influenced by TV, movies, newspapers and art. The way the media distorts our differences is a covert divide and conquer strategy which I regard as a violation of human rights." (Johnson, 1995) When Blacks are invited into homes via television, it evidently is easier for viewers to laugh at African-Americans than to see them effectively addressing their problems. Former TV comedies such as the highly rated Roseanne and Grace Under Fire, addressed serious issues such as wife abuse,

20 College Essay Topics Key Ideas Why Education Is Important

20 College Essay Topics Key Ideas Why Education Is Important According to Nelson Mandela, Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world and promoting it is pivotal. Therefore, if you- a college student- are assigned with the task of writing on its importance, the responsibility of doing justice to your essay is one you cannot take lightly for it is our collective responsibility to let the world know its importance. To simplify your task of writing about the importance of education, this article will provide you with enough information to get you started as well as a guideline on how to go about developing your essay in a structured and coherent fashion. Here, you will find 20 topics dedicated to the subject matter you were assigned as well as a sample essay below. And here is one last professional tip, it is important that when selecting a topic, you chose a topic that resonates closely with your interests because writing on what truly interests you is quite easier than the alternative. So here are the 20 topics you can choose from when drafting your own essay assignment: Analysing Education’s Ability to Empower Young Women Population Education as a Strategy for Children’s Survival and Better Maternal Health The Impact of Education on Child Nutrition and Reducing Malnutrition How Education Can Reduce Global Poverty and Hunger Is Education the Cure for Poverty? Girls, HIV/AIDS, and Education Education in the Fight Against HIV and AIDS The Impact of Education on Personal and Economic Growth Why Educating Girls Matter to Economic Growth Tackling Youth Unemployment Through Educational Programs The Role of International Education in Peacebuilding Analysing the Contribution of Education to Eliminating Social Conflict and Extremism Importance of Education in our Lives and Societies Importance of Education for Sustainable Environmental Development The Role of Education as a Tool for Environmental Conservation The Role of Education in the Pursuit of Globalization and Internationalization The Importance of Education in National Integration Impact of Education in Rural Development Processes The Importance of Education in Integrating Muslim Youths Why Education is Important for Financial Literacy You would agree that these are some cool topics on the importance of education you can work on for your college essay. And a cursory look at the topics on this list, will show that every one of them does not need too much research to accurately draft an essay on the subject matter. To further simplify your task of drafting an essay on education, here are 10 facts which can be integrated throughout the body of your essay as well is our genre focused essay guide. Lastly, a sample essay will be provided to serve as a guideline for anyone reading this. Note that the sample essay will also take its topic from one on the list above. Sample College Essay: How Education Can Reduce Global Poverty and Hunger The large strides made by UNICEF in ensuring the provision of quality basic education for children has been lauded for all the right reasons and in the 2000 Education for All (EFA) program as well as other like-minded initiatives were also launched to support UNICEF’s push for education in both urban and rural areas. This raises a few questions: why is educating the world so important to UNICEF? And what have these initiatives achieved globally? These among other questions are what this essay intends to answer in the coming paragraphs. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) launched by the UNICEF in 2000 and its follow up program the Sustainable Development Goals created in 2015 have been successful in increasing the economic situation of both underdeveloped and developing nations, enlightening the world on communicable diseases as well as pushing an agenda for worldwide peace. But here, emphasis will be placed on how educating the world’s populace has reduced global poverty and how aggressively pursuing the global education agenda will continue to reduce hunger internationally. The education of an entire population has been known to lead to economic growth which is viewed as a by-product of global education. Studies on the effect of education has shown that each extra year an individual spends schooling directly increases his or her ability to earn by 10% later on in life. A population’s increased ability to earn then creates a trickle-down effect as adults now posses the ability to adequately take care of their families as well as send their children to school. The overall economic growth in turn reduces the percentage of people living in poverty as more and more adults begin to have the financial capacity to cater for their immediate family. Also important is the fact that a country with 40% of its adult population having achieved some form of education, experiences continuous economic growth thereby putting it on the right track to eliminate extreme poverty in the EU by 2020 or in Africa by 2063 according to UNICEF’s initiatives. Educating the world is an admirable goal but the disparity between the number of girls educated compared to boys has been lopsided for decades in favour of boys. This disparity has prompted UNICEF to place special emphasis on educating women/girls and the corresponding results have been encouraging. Statistics show that educating the women has led to a 22% increase in crop yield in Kenya. This goes to show that applying these educative initiatives in gender-repressive communities globally, will accelerate the goal of ending poverty and world hunger more quickly. Therefore pursuing a global education agenda is an admirable goal which everyone should be involved with in their own capacity. It is encouraged that we write essays supporting educational initiatives on a global scale, discuss them on social media networks or be a part of the SDG which took effect in 2015. Here we come to the end of these guidelines on choosing a topic and developing your chosen topic in a coherent manner and hopefully, the directions provided here will serve you well when drafting your essay. References: Wikipedia. (2015). Educational Equity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_equity Kavya, V. (2015). Top 15 Reasons Why Education is Extremely Important. http://listsurge.com/top-15-reasons-education-important/ Fien, J. (2001). Education for Sustainability 50-53. Sensoy, O. (2008). Is Everyone Really Equal? 30-33. Demillo, A. (2005). Revolution in Higher Education 59-62. The UNAID Initiative. (2014). Educate Girls Fight AIDS. http://data.unaids.org/GCWA/gcwa_fs_girlseducation_sep05_en.pdf Caroline, H. (2009). The Role of Education as a Tool for Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development. iccs.org.uk/wp-content/thesis/phd-howe,caroline09.pdf

Assignment 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 4 - Essay Example The bus which I used for this experiment was filled with many passengers. Some foreigners like Indians and Pakistanis were also there inside the bus. I was seated at the middle portion of the bus. Immediately after the bus was started to move, I started to sing loudly. The person sitting next to me was an American and he asked me to stop singing. The driver also looked back and shown signs to stop singing. I did not obey and continued my singing. All the passengers inside the bus looked at me with different facial expressions, body languages and gestures. Some of the Indians and Pakistanis inside the bus enjoyed my performance along with some of the Americans and they took this incident lightly. However, some other passengers, mostly the Americans have shown signs of agony and discomfort. Some of the passengers approached the driver and asked him to stop the bus and throw me out of the bus. Some others murmured that I have some mental disorders. Surprisingly, after five minutes, ever ything started to stabilize. My fellow passengers started change their attention from me and focussed more on outside sceneries and sights. Even though, I tried to vary the volume of my sound very much in order to irritate my fellow passengers, many of the passengers did not care and I stopped singing after some time. Suddenly people again started to look at me.

Ethics from the dark side PowerPoint Presentation

Ethics from the dark side - PowerPoint Presentation Example ext slide of the PowerPoint explains why people make unethical decisions; it thus, identifies two fundamental factors vis-Ã  -vis individual factors such as the social-economic status of a person and the unique environment such as the workplace as the bottom line influencers. In the following slides the PowerPoint examines the different groups of the factors, which influences individuals to behave unethically, collectively called the psychological traps. It examines such traps as the primary, defensive and personality. Moreover, the PowerPoint examines the various factors enlisted by the Ethics Professional, the Society of Corporate Compliance as the other causes of unethical behaviour. These include the need, opportunity and rationalisation. However, under the rationalisation element the PowerPoint enlists the various rationalisation people give for acting unethically such as the golden generalisation, ethics of surrender, they are just as bad excuse, consequentialism, and the tit for tat excuse. The remaining slides of the PowerPoint explores the different techniques that leaders and managers can employ to manage the aforementioned unethical decisions in their different

The effects of invasive species on recreational fishing Research Paper

The effects of invasive species on recreational fishing - Research Paper Example First is that the species show very high rate of reproduction. The plant species that are invasive have a much higher rate of reproduction than any other species, which raises the second reason why they are so (Coulatti 138). Second is that the species fall prey to little or no predation at all. This fact gives the species leeway to reproduce and not worry about any form of predation. Thirdly, the invasive species are mostly hardy in nature. Being hardy means that the species can thrive in virtually any kind of environment, including different climates and habitats (Coulatti 140). The impact that invasive species cause on the environment are gross and sometimes irreversible (Verling 272). Destruction of landscape and severe loss of habitats and loss of life by both animals and humans are just but a few of the impacts. The effects the invasive organisms have on the environment include negative impact on bio-diversity, they can cause species extinction, soil erosion and land degradation and change in life cycles of organisms (Verling 273). The weeds found in lakes and rivers, for example the water hyacinth could cause destruction to water bio diversity. First, the weeds in the water destroy all other plant organisms in the water in order to establish their roots some of them even feed on other organisms. This ensures that the weeds remain the apex plant organisms on these water sources thus getting rid of any chance of bio-diversity in the water sources (Callaway 265). Second is the cause of species extinction in water sources (Coullatti 57). In order to fish, it is logical that there be something to catch in the water sources. The invasive species make sure that fishing does not happen. They do this by first, as mentioned above, eating up all the plant life in the water and thus rendering the fish without food. This the main reason for fish extinction. Land and soil

Operation of the Aviation Industry

Operation of the Aviation Industry P7: Explain how general aviation organisations operate This report is for the transport trade journal investigating how the general aviation sector operates and diagram will be included highlighting the links between the different organization in the aviation industry. With the help of a diagram which outline the links and my internet research sources this report will outline how the general aviation organizations operated. It will state the different types of operator and list example of each. Research findings will outline all these pointers then it will be further explained for you to get a better understanding. Then a conclusion will be drawn on how the general aviation organization operates. General aviation is defined by en.wikipedia.org (2016) as all civil aviation operations other than scheduled air services and non-scheduled air transport operations for remuneration or hire. A discussion will be made on the operation of the general aviation then a conclusion will be drawn. Diagram that shows the link between the organizations in the aviation industry Research findings on how general aviation organization operates: Aircraft operator In order to be a valid aircraft operator an aircraft operator certificate (AOC) must be issued. (Caa.co.uk, 2016) Airfield operator Operates in all areas specified to the airport with the compliance of the federal aviation administration safety regulations. (study.com,2016) Management and control Services provided to keep operations in check and running smooth. General aviation is one the most important sectors in the aviation industry, GA has three types of organization aircraft operator, airfield operator and management and control each organization covers a vast number of operations to help the operation to run smooth for the industry is very demanding. The aircraft operator has to be certified with the aircraft operator certificate (ACO) this is allowed by the national aviation authority (NAA) in order her the person to carry out duties En.wikipedia.org. (2016). Aircraft operator not only just operates the aircraft but is responsible for flight school operations where training is done for all accepts of aviation example pilot training. Also operates recreational operations like parachuting, guild and also executive transport, air taxi and also emergency service like the ambulance and the emergency breathing system set in place for helicopter passengers approved by the UK civil aviation authority (Caa.co.uk, 2016).The airfield operator b asically operates all the airports operation on the airfield with the compliance of the federal aviation administration safety regulations, the airfields operator ensures safety by checking and monitoring the runway condition, weather condition etc (study.com). Then we move on to the management and control operation this provide services like air traffic control which is implemented to prevent collision and to organize air traffic flow (en.wikipedia.org, 2016). Border control works under the border force which are laws enforcement command set in place to secure UK by checking people and goods entering the UK (Gov.uk ,2016). CONCLUSION In conclusion, for the general aviation organization to work fluently other organization have work together to achieve that and we have seen that outlined in the diagram above. we have also seen that the aircraft operator not just only operates the aircraft but deals with most if not all aspect of it, ranging from training to the actual operating the aircraft with different operations. The management and control operation prevents collision of aircraft and organize the flow of traffic and also control people and goods coming in and out of the airport. The last but not lease the airfield operations monitor and ensure safety of the airfield by adhering to the federal aviation administration safety regulations. References Caa.co.uk. (2016). Air Operator Certificates | UK Civil Aviation Authority. [online] Available at: http://www.caa.co.uk/Commercial-industry/Aircraft/Operations/Air-operator-certificates/Air-Operator-Certificates/ [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. En.wikipedia.org. (2016). General aviation. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_aviation [Accessed 8 Dec.2016] Gov.uk. (2016). Border Force GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/border-force [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Study.com. (2016). Airfield Operations Specialist: Job Description, Duties and Salary. [online] Available at: http://study.com/articles/Airfield_Operations_Specialist_Job_Description_Duties_and_Salary.html [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Unit 1 LO4 aviation term paper Student: Sudane Atkinson Date: December 4, 2016 Lecture: Aneka Hutchinson M3: Analyze the role of three different types of general aviation organizations, highlighting their links with other aviation sectors. This report is for the transport trade journal which I am investigating the role of three different types of general aviation organization then highlight their links with other aviation sectors. The aim of this report is to discover the links the general aviation organization has with other aviation sectors but before I move on general aviation is defined by Merriam-webster.com. 2016 as the operation of civilian aircraft not under the control of a common carrier. Research finding will be made on the role of the three different types of general aviation highlighted the link in other aviation sector, a discussion will be made ten a conclusion will be drawn on how these organizations are linked. Below outlines the research finding on the roles of three different types of general aviation and their links with other sectors. Roles: Aircraft operator Must ensure that compliance for the requirements of the air worthiness directive (AD) is met. Keep emission low Offers pilot training Offers certification through European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Offers recreation operations Offers emergency transportation (caa.co.uk,2016) Airfield operator Ensure airfields are safe Direct emergency response units. Air traffic control and airfield operator Coordinate the activities of the aircraft. (Study.com, 2016) Management and control Control the passage of goods and people traveling to and from the UK. (Gov.uk,2016) Air traffic coordinates air traffic movements Alert response team when there is an emergency Controls all ground traffic (Collegegrad.com ,2016) Links: Commercial airline is linked with the aircraft operator as they can now file occurrence reports more efficiently. (caa.co.uk, 2016) Airlines and aircraft operator are link in the form of negotiation (Faulhaber, J. 2010). The general aviation industry has three organizations these are aircraft operator, airline operator and management and control. All these organization make the aviation industry flows with safety of self and other the number one priority. The roles for each organization is as follows. The management and control basically controls the surrounds of the aviation from ground to sky, controls the passage of goods and people traveling to and from the UK by doing immigration and customs checks to secure the UK border (Gov.uk. 2016). Air traffic control coordinates the traffic movement and avoid the collision of aircraft by guiding pilot in landing and takeoff also alerts airport response team when there is an emergency (Collegegrad.com ,2016). The airfield operator number one responsibility is to ensure that airfield is safe by connecting with the air traffic controls to ensure that all aviation operations are safe (Study.com, 2016). The aircraft operator offers training and works with the EASA in certification also offer recreational operations like, gliding, parachute, aerobatics etc. The aircraft operator also offers emergency transportation like helicopters when a emergency response team is alerted but either the airfield operator or the management and control organization. The aviation industry is a very vast industry with many different sectors and organizations for these organizations to work fluently there must be some links to join them, the Civil Aviation Association came up with a new rule which allow commercial airlines to link with the aircraft operator as they now have an online portal to file their occurrence more effectively (caa.co.uk, 2016). The second link is that airlines and aircraft operator are link in the form of negotiation agreements this help achieve both party aims and objectives by developing a work relationship as business partner (Faulhaber, J. 2010). Conclusion All the organization works together to allow this very diverse very vast industry works seamlessly. From the linking of organization to different sector to help in achieving respective objectives and aim this will also help to minimize the disturbance in airport cash flow by just negotiate agreements (Faulhaber, J. 2010). Another the relationship between the airline and airport operator that they now have a more effective way to communicate any occurrence. what I have also realized is that all the three-general aviation operation have a pointer or two in common with their role these are they call have a linkage in the response to the emergency response and the airfield operator works alongside the management and control to allow save air traffic control. References   Ã‚   Collegegrad.com. (2016). Air Traffic Controllers: Career, Salary and Education Information CollegeGrad.com. [online] Available at: https://collegegrad.com/careers/air-traffic-controllers [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Caa.co.uk. (2016). Air Operator Certificates | UK Civil Aviation Authority. [online] Available at: http://www.caa.co.uk/Commercial-industry/Aircraft/Operations/Air-operator-certificates/Air-Operator-Certificates/ [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Faulhaber, J. (2010). Airport/airline agreements. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board. Gov.uk. (2016). Border Force GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/border-force [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Merriam-webster.com. (2016). Definition of GENERAL AVIATION. [online] Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/general%20aviation [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Study.com. (2016). Airfield Operations Specialist: Job Description, Duties and Salary. [online] Available at: http://study.com/articles/Airfield_Operations_Specialist_Job_Description_Duties_and_Salary.html [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016].

Insider vs. Outsider in The Blue Hotel, The Displaced Person, Bernice B

Insider vs. Outsider in The Blue Hotel, The Displaced Person, Bernice Bobs her Hair, and Novel In Dubious Battle Whenever a stranger enters an unfamiliar society, a clash between the outsider’s practices and society’s guidelines undoubtedly occurs. Whether the resulting conflict minimally or powerfully affects the people involved depends on the situation, but usually the results are monumental. In the short stories â€Å"The Blue Hotel,† â€Å"The Displaced Person,† and â€Å"Bernice Bobs her Hair,† and the novel In Dubious Battle, society’s fear of the stranger has severe negative consequences for the newcomer, as the community’s rules prevail over the outsiders in the end. A pattern emerges in the four stories, where society’s wariness of the outsider, whether warranted or unwarranted, triggers the rise and fall of the newcomer. The differences that each outsider possesses due to his or her own culture and upbringing, though varying from character to character, mark the source of the clash between the outsider and the community which he or she tries to enter. In â€Å"The Blue Hotel,† the Swede separates himself from the group both physically and verbally. His aloofness forces the other characters, who have already familiarized themselves with the small hotel in Nebraska, to suspect that he is dangerous. Their suspicions are indeed warranted, as demonstrated during the first card game of High-Five between Johnnie and the farmer. â€Å"The cowboy and the Easterner [watch] the game with interest, while the Swede remain[s] near the window, aloof† (39), displaying immediately that he has no intention of conforming to this societ y’s rules. After physically withdrawing from the others, the Swede does so verbally shortly after, stating that â€Å"th... ...hange a society that already has fixed practices, and he and the other workers pay the consequences. As â€Å"The Blue Hotel,† â€Å"The Displaced Person,† â€Å"Bernice Bobs her Hair,† and In Dubious Battle demonstrate, the outsiders in each story, though instilling an initial fear in the eyes of society, experience a sudden and considerable downfall in the end. Each of these defeats, some more extreme than others, result from a clash of society’s fixed guidelines with an outsider’s challenge of these rules. Whether this rebellion against society constitutes a conscious or unconscious effort, and whether the punishment results in justifiable or unjustifiable consequences, one pattern emerges. The outsider instills fear in the mind of the community, and as a defense mechanism, society takes it upon itself to conquer the stranger, leading to his or her ultimate downfall.

Auteur Essay: Tarantino and Lee Moulding Emotions Essay

A common goal for most modern directors is to engage the audience emotionally. It’s a seemingly simple task that is often left by the wayside, half finished and ineffective. Those directors that do achieve this task, tend to make better movies. Two such directors are Ang Lee and Quentin Tarantino. The ways that they manipulate their audience’s emotions are completely different yet they are both effective. Where Tarantino’s manipulation of tension is unmatched in the modern world, Lee’s grace and subtlety often leaves audience’s with a sense of awe and wonder. The manipulation of an audience’s emotions is often a difficult task but Lee and Tarantino achieve it in their own unique ways. Suspense, defined by the Oxford dictionary, is a state or feeling of excited or anxious uncertainty about what may happen. Quentin Tarantino’s manipulation of suspense and tension in a scene is unmatched in today’s world. Like the former â€Å"Master of Suspense† himself, Alfred Hitchcock, Quentin Tarantino leads the audience to a the point of near exhaustion, through the pent up pressure in his trademark lengthy scenes. These scenes serve to focus every ounce of mental and emotional energy on the situation, instead of cutting away to an inter-related subplot elsewhere and releasing the pressure, as is conventional. In the film â€Å"Inglourious Basterds† (2009), Tarantino leaves the audience gasping for breath right from the opening scene. The scene, in which a German â€Å"Jew Hunter† is questioning a farmer about the Jews hiding on his farm, is built up over nearly twenty minutes of pure dialogue between the two, as the German manipulates the farmer into telling him where the fugitives are. As the scene progresses, it grows increasingly obvious that the German is playing a horrible game with the farmer and the audience. As the farmer is slowly reduced to tears, the music escalates, the ticking of the clock grows louder and the camera circles the pair, making the audience feel trapped and vulnerable. It’s despair the audience feels as the Jews are finally gunned down through the floorboards amid the screams of frantic violins and only then does Tarantino release his choke hold on the audiences emotions, letting the pressure off slightly. However, the masterful effect achieved here is that the audience is almost glad that the scene was resolved, however heinous it was. It lets the audience know that the ride is only starting and that they’d better buckle up. In the same movie Tarantino again demonstrates his ultimate control over the audience. The scene is another tense, pressure filled affair, as a group of undercover allied spies are trying to work their way out of a conversation with a Gestapo agent in a French bar. The manipulation of mis en scen is excellent as every element is used to full advantage. The audience is made to squirm in discomfort as the bar gets quieter and quieter and the Gestapo agent asks more threatening questions. The ambient lighting of the set serves to make the audience feel calm and safe but as the situation progresses the lighting seems harsher and brighter as the scene grows more tense. The scene itself, which is about twenty minutes long, starts off relatively light hearted with a game of cards between a group of enlisted Germans who are celebrating a comrades new baby. Strangely the camera stays with this group for longer than really necessary, to make the audience feel attached to the group especially the new born father. The reason why this was done becomes clear later as all his friends are slaughtered and he is left bargaining for his life, which adds yet another emotional sub-plot to the scene that the audience must deal with. In both these examples Tarantino manipulates sound to build the tension in the scene and escalate the suspense. Put simply, Tarantino â€Å"moulds† his audience throughout a scene, showing his absolute control over mis en scen, the editing process and the audience. The way in which Ang Lee conducts a scene is completely unique in today’s world. Contrasting to Tarantino’s â€Å"moulding† of the audience, Lee concentrates on making the scene â€Å"beautiful† in both the emotional and physical sense. This in fact is Lee’s own version of â€Å"moulding†, except his does so in a much more subtle fashion to connect to the audience on a higher level. In his Academy Award winning film â€Å"Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon† (2001), every single movement has a gentle, graceful feel. This is exemplified in the first combat scene, where Yu and Jen are fighting over a stolen sword. The quick, yet elegant style of movement makes the scene flow far better than a traditional fight passage where the viewer is wrenched through fast paced camera angles and shots coupled with gratuitous violence. In this scene, camera angles and shots are sparing and well used and the gentle way in which the characters manoeuvre, leave the audience feeling not an adrenaline rush but strangely calm and at ease. Similarly in â€Å"Brokeback Mountain† (2005) Lee strives to communicate beauty on multiple levels. In the scene where Ennis is visiting Jacks parents, he goes to Jacks bedroom. In this powerful scene, there is no dialogue or interaction between other characters. The camera follows Ennis as he tenderly caresses the clothes in Jacks cupboard and sits wistfully by the window with tears in his eyes. This scene is significant because it demonstrates how even though there was no interactions or dialogue it still is deeply affecting and meaningful. Ang Lee seeks to reveal the beauty of all his scenes no matter how different and diverse that beauty is. In conclusion, even though Ang Lee and Quentin Tarantino differ greatly in their techniques, they both achieve something that modern directors rarely accomplish. They connect with their audience and as a result control their emotions. From Tarantino’s masterful use of suspense, to Lee’s ballet-like grace and control over a scene, they both affect the audience in ways that compliment both the scene and their film. These two directors prove that if you control the audience’s emotions you control their outlook on the film and ultimately how successfully it is.

Critique on Gordon Allport (Theories of Personality)

Gordon Allport- theory review PSY201 Boitumelo Chantelle Mangope ? Introduction Gordon Allport was truly a phenomenal personality theorist who explained what a personality is and he bent most of the rules that were set out by other theorists including the father of personality himself, Sigmund Freud and in addition to that, he considered Freud’s theory of personality as the worst theory of all time. The Life of Gordon Allport Gordon Allport was the first American-born personality theorist and hailed from the state of Indiana, Montezuma.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/allport-1.jpg" alt="allport criticized older theories of personality for" width="340" height="322" />He was born on 11 November 1897 and died a month before his 70th birthday (9 October 1967) due to lung cancer. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts, (majoring in Economics and Philosophy), Masters of Art in 1921 and a PhD (all three at Harvard University) at the tender age of 24. After he completed his degree, he took a g ap year and taught English and Sociology at a university in Istanbul, Turkey. Gordon was lucky to have encountered an experience with Sigmund Freud for when he was returning back to the U.S to start off fellowship to do graduate work in psychology at Harvard, he stopped off at Vienna to visit one of his brothers and wrote to Freud (who was situated there) a letter asking for permission to visit him. The permission was granted and he explained there encounter as an unsuccessful on. He told Freud a story of whereby he met a young boy in a tram car ride who had a dirt phobia and he frantically told his mother not to let a dirty man sit next to him. Freud then went on to insinuate that the little boy was Allport and this caused a misunderstanding between them.This event lead to Allport having to probe further into psychology and the elements of personality because he felt that depth psychology overlooked the important truths. He developed a theory that ignored the unconscious and that w as not scientifically-based thus, stating that in order for one to learn about an individual, they have to be studied and not base the person’s personality on their unconscious motives nor on a study that was based on a group of people and an average which determined that group’s personality was found. During his prime, he held many prestigious positions and received many honors.Firstly, he served as the President of the American Psychological Association (1939) and also president of the Eastern Psychological Association (1943). He was also the editor of the Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology (1937-1949) and in 1964, he received the APA’s Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology. In addition to that, he received another award, i. e. APA’s Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award (1964) and as if that wasn’t enough, he was the first lecturer to teach the first course on psychology (the course was dubbed Personality: Its Psychological & Social Aspects) ever offered in the United States.Work Gordon Allport was one of the first psychologists to focus on the study of personality, and is often referred to as one of the fathers of personality. He believed that one’s personality could not be determined from the support of science and rather, through thoroughly studying an individual. He defined personality as â€Å"the dynamic organization within an individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment† Allport was a trait theorist who believed that one’s personality was made up from different traits (i. . mental structures which initiate and guide reactions and thus ultimately accounts for the consistency in one’s behavior) and those traits were organized accordingly. To further support this, he said that those traits arise within a given situation e. g. if one has a trait of being aggressive, that trait will be suppressed until the need for it to be exposed to a situation due to a stimulus (e. g. during a quarrel). He rejected the behavioral (which he thought was too deep) and humanistic (which he thought wasn’t deep enough) approaches.He emphasized on the uniqueness of each individual and the importance of the present, as opposed to his/her history, for understanding their personality. From that statement alone, it is clear that Allport was optimistic towards human nature for he further on went to say that there are individual traits, i. e. a unique pattern of traits which are possessed by an individual, and common traits, i. e. traits which are used to describe a group of individuals. One can clearly see that Allport was for human nature and uniqueness and appreciated that each individual had their own pattern of traits which could not be exactly the same as anyone else.He also went on to say that individuals are motivated by present motives and not passed motives and called this concept, t he Functional Autonomy. Major concepts of Gordon Allport Gordon Allport deduced that there are different types of traits being individual traits and common traits. As mentioned earlier, individual traits are those traits which are possessed by a certain individual and common traits are those traits which are shared by several individuals. Allport believed that in order for a personality theorist to succeed in studying an individual, they (the theorist) should focus on the individual traits and not the common traits. Those individual traits are actually a cluster of traits and not just one trait. For example, a pattern of traits which I possess are the humanitarian trait, talkative trait, friendliness trait and many more. This pattern is unique to me for it is rare for any other individual to possess it. Gordon Allport believed in using the idiographic method of research and not the nomothetic method of research because, with an idiographic method, a theorist or analyst uses a single case through intensively studying an individual whereas with a nomothetic method, one studies a group of individuals and deduces an average (i. . traits/ personality) for that group. Allport then went on to identify three types of individual traits (which he later called personal disposition). These were cardinal, central and secondary dispositions/traits. i. Cardinal Trait This trait is the one which dominates an individual and it shapes an individual’s behavior and becomes the dominating theme within a person. An example would be of Mother Theresa, the dominant theme which ran throughout her life was a humanistic theme. It is rare for most people to lack a single theme that shapes their lives. ii. Central traitsThese traits are general characteristics which are found in some degree in every person. These are the basic building blocks that shape up most of our behavior although they are not as dominant as cardinal traits. An example would be a trait of honesty. iii. Seconda ry traits Secondary traits are similar to habits or attitudes but are still more general than either. They must be included in order to provide a complete picture of human complexity. An example would be the types of clothes or food that an individual prefers. Aspects of Gordon Allport’s theory that I liked â€Å"The same fire that softens the butter hardens the egg†.That statement caught my attention when I read it and I went back to read the concept that was supported by it over and over again until I really agreed with it. The concept which supported that saying was Gordon’s concept of trait were he says that since no two people possess the same pattern of traits and that traits respond to an environmental situation (i. e. they are not always present until the need for them arises), if a single stimulus was to be administered to two different people, they would reacted differently to that stimulus. I conquer with this concept for this always happens to me.My best friend and I respond differently to stimuli. For example, I once made her buy my favourite ice-cream (because she didn’t know which one to buy) and she ABSOLUTELY hated it! This goes to show that Allport did in fact appreciate the fact that individuals are different, thus you cannot say that people who had horrible childhoods will turn out as X, Y and Z. I also favoured the â€Å"Letters from Jenny Concept† were Allport believes that one of the best methods to use in order to study an individual is to use personal documents such as diaries, autobiographies and letters.I also conquer with this for most females always write down their feelings through diaries. This has been told to us that it helps us relieve the pain or the stress and if a psychologist was to use one’s diary to determine the traits which that person possesses. There is a consistency which can be picked from a person’s daily entrants that are within their diary. Aspects of Gordon Allpo rt’s theory which I did not like Within Allport’s theory, there is a part whereby he talks about a healthy mature adult and an unhealthy (neurotic) adult.The difference between a healthy and a neurotic person is that is that the motives of an unhealthy person lie in the past whereas the motives of a healthy person lie in the future. I agree with that statement but I did not conquered with him where he mentions that one can swinging back and forth from being an unhealthy to healthy person and back to an unhealthy person (it’s a cycle). According to him, the characteristics of a healthy person are similar to those who have self-actualized (through Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation) and Maslow states that in order for one to self-actualize, they need to go through a series of stages.So, the question here is that can a man go through important steps which help him build him up then instantly dilapidate and return back to an unhealthy state? Concepts that I would use in my personal theory For my personal theory, I would definitely use the Allport’s concept of trait (whereby he mentions that a stimulus is reacted differently to different people) because it is a concept which is very practical and one goes through it on a daily.Secondly, I would use his components of personality statement whereby he states that personality is constantly (Dynamic Organization) changing. This is evident for I believe that one’s personality cannot be determined whilst they are within their first five years (unlike Sigmund Freud) because that individual is going to go through many trials and tribulations which will influence the person to ensure that they do not step into the same river again thus, they will change to a certain degree to ensure that they do not go through that again.For example, if a naive 17 year old girl has a trait of promiscuity and during her prime time, she gets raped by someone who is totally unexpected two weeks befor e her BGSE exams, she WILL change her ways of living to ensure that she never has to go through that ordeal again. Personal Critique I believed that this theory is researchable qualitatively because it stresses on how one cannot use nomothetic methods of research and should instead, use the idiographic method of research because it involves an intense study for a single case.There are a lot of cases whereby one can do their own primary research to determine whether Allport’s guidelines are in line. Also, there is a lot of secondary data which is available online and even at the library which deal with Allport’s theory. However, there are a lot of people who have criticized Allport’s work by saying that it is impossible for one to ignore the fact that scientific research needs to be done in order for one’s personality to be analyzed and assessed.This leaves a lot of field to do further investigations for someone who is interested in finding out whether All port’s work is feasible by testing his concepts and also taking into consideration everything that the critics have said and ultimately, determining their one findings. I also believe that this theory is of clinical utility because as the saying goes, â€Å"your past does not determine you future†.There are patients who are not naturally expressive of how their past was shaped up (maybe because they may be too embarrassed to voice it out) thus, a clinical psychologist could use any personal documents of the patient to try and determine problems which cannot be voiced out. Also, a clinical psychologist will be able to understand the pattern of traits that their patient has by probing on the matter of knowing what their motives are and ultimately, determine whether they are a healthy adult who is future driven and doesn’t base his/her motives on the past (as of an unhealthy person).However, this theory will not ensure consistence because if three clinical psycholo gists were to analyze one patient, each of them will have a different analysis because they will all have their own opinions thus, they might not all agree on whether the individual is a healthy adult or not. This theory is highly applicable within Botswana’s culture for Batswana are receptive people who are looking for ways in which they can better their futures. Therefore, the healthy and unhealthy concept would work greatly within our land.As a matter of a fact, the theory as a whole would experience high and positive agglutination within Botswana. In order for one to understand the nature of Botswana’s culture, one has to look at it from the following point of view. The culture of Botswana may be looked in two aspects. The older generation practices enculturation* whereby they stand strong on the Tswana morals and beliefs and practice them on a regular, for example, the patlo, kgotla meetings & letlhafula events. The younger generation practices acculturation* whereby they are receptive towards other cultures and eventually practice them for example, following he pop culture of piercing on every part of one’s body and wearing baggy (men and lesbians) and skimpy clothes (females and gays) and the culture of food (Western, Oriental, Italian and Vegetarian). If Allport’s theory was to be practiced within Botswana, it would have to be amongst the receptive group of Batswana who are willing and able to share their future goals (i. e. motives) and allow a psychologist to take a look at their personal documents and this is likely to be the younger generation.This theory is unique in its own way for it truly emphasizes on not using scientific methods when analyzing ones personality thus most theories are not like it. However, since Allport was a trait theorist, it can be noted that he wasn’t the only trait theorist. Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysneck were also trait theorists who believed that one possesses a lot of traits. How ever, they used nomothetic methods of research thus, their beliefs were not the same as Allport’s theory. Allport’s theory does not emphasize on the development of personality at the expense of another.He focuses on personality as a whole and gives a holistic view of it. Since he did not conduct nomothetic research or scientific research, he could not use the backing of those research methods to determine whether when one aspect grows, another suffers on its account. Gordon Allport was truly a man who stood by his word no matter who criticized his work and he backed his concepts with relevant research that even a lame man would understand. He is one of my favorite personality theorists and I believe that his theory is applicable to my life.

The Lanyard by Billy Collins

The Lanyard by Billy Collins Free Online Research Papers Dictionary.com defines popularity as â€Å"the favor of the general public or of a particular group of people†. From that definition Billy Collins can be considered immensely popular. He is so popular that colleges are using his poetry as summer assignments to not only stimulate the mind but can also tickle a person’s funny bone. He is a genius without a doubt but if I were to base his entire popularity based on the poem â€Å"The Lanyard†, I would say he is a failure. Is the poem clever? Absolutely. In my opinion however, most individuals would not be able to grasp the subtleties that he creates in the poem â€Å"The Lanyard†. Although I understood his small ironic truths about life like how his mother gave him life and in return he gives her a lanyard, I could not see myself going to see him live or paying to get a copy of his works. Although this may sound harsh, I find Billy Collin’s humor dry as well as too â€Å"smarty† for me to enjoy. Billy Collins reminds me of the actor Woody Allen, someone I simply cannot enjoy listening to or watching. Like Billy Collins, Woody Allen in his play â€Å"Don’t Drink the Water† also uses subtle jokes and dry humor that to me simply are â€Å"not funny†. Billy Collins small jabs at life’s quirks can be funny to some but from what I have noticed from the general consensus of students around me, he isn’t â€Å"popular† in the sense of the definition. The poem â€Å"The Lanyard† is very clever and it peaked some interest in me but I could not fully grasp all of Mr. Collin’s ideas. This is how I feel about Billy Collins and the poem â€Å"The Lanyard†. Research Papers on "The Lanyard" by Billy CollinsMind TravelWhere Wild and West MeetThe Spring and AutumnThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

REFORMING THE NATION, RESPONDING TO WAR, FAMOUS SPEECHES Essay

REFORMING THE NATION, RESPONDING TO WAR, FAMOUS SPEECHES - Essay Example The war had far-reaching effects in all aspects of the lives of the German people both politically, economically, socially, culturally and environmentally. There were tremendous changes in the culture of the German people after the First World War. The Nazis developed a belief that individuals were not important and what they needed was a strong government. An ideology was developed that women were to be trained for childbearing and home keeping while men were to be equipped with military and working skills (Roberts, p.46). These beliefs brought about a lot of changes in the way of life, education system, and culture of the German people. In the post world war one Germany, all learning institutions become single sex. Ladies and young men were given different forms of training. The different trainings offered ensured ladies did not have careers but become housewives after marriage. Young people in schools sung about aggression, brutality, and anti-Semitism. Young people were encouraged to play with guns and take pleasure in fighting. During that period, women were encouraged to have more than four children and those who complied were aw arded gifts. The lives of women were to revolve around â€Å"family, church and food preparation†. In addition, they were expected to shy away from smoking and wearing makeup. A lot of ideals were also developed for German households. In contrast to how women were treated, young boys were trained majorly in science and arithmetic. Their training involved a lot of physical exercises, and it was compulsory that they join the labor service at the age of eighteen. The work there was mainly blue-collar which ensured that men toughened up for the military. It was after that a requirement that every man serve in the military for two years before joining the workforce (Roberts, p. 46). Women were laid away off their jobs to create chances for men. After the war, many soldiers believed

Fashion Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Fashion Leadership - Essay Example Keeping in view the importance of image of politicians, celebrities and political figures, fashion leadership is a viable methodology to increase their influence because, if people dress like politicians, it subliminally means that people will vote for them. On the other hand, lifestyle replication in public is considered as an effective measure in selecting the most famous personalities in the world. This premise can be supported with Mrs. Obama’s large-scale impact on the stock prices of the firms, which are providing her with various attires for her public appearances because, her public appearances are causing the share price of her clothes suppliers to rise substantially in following weeks and therefore she is providing these firms with elite class of endorsement. The main point to notice is Mrs. Obama’s use of attires which are unique, distinct and not in the reach of the wider population due to its higher value in monetary terms. This gives her a distinct positio n and shows her ability to lead by the power of distinction and prominence as no other can compete her. Another angle of analysis can relate this observation with historic presumption of power in few hands because; capitalism is based on the concept of wealth accumulation within the highest ranks of the society (Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. Karl Marx Estranged Labour, 1844). Therefore, the phenomenon of fashion influence is commonly associated with the elite societal class due to new fashion’s high cost in early days.

Proposal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal Argument - Essay Example Indeed, such a twist of events has already been witnessed in Ohio in 2011 when a boy weighing two hundred pounds was taken away from his parental care and put in a rehabilitation home. Cleveland Weight authorities claimed the mother of the boy was putting the health of the boy at risk. The crucial question is whether parents should be held responsible for obese children. It is indisputable that the debate underlying the topic pertains to the question of nurture versus nature. Thus, in deciding whether parents should be held responsible for obese children, one should give considerations to the causes of obesity, questioning how large is the role of parents in making children obese. It is worth acknowledging that obesity is largely caused by dieting, among other factors that are informed by poor parental choices such as limited instillation for physical exercises in children lifestyles. Arguably, diet and lack of exercises are the major causes of obesity among children. Of all the abov e-mentioned factors, non-healthy eating is cited as the main cause of obesity, this is accounted for by the following reasons. According to Hellmich (56), people consume food without giving consideration to the number of calories in it. MacDonald’s meals comprise high amounts of calories that could, no doubt, result to obesity. For instance, Big Mac contains as significant as 500 calories, as well as 33 grams fat (Munger 1456). Even intriguing is the fact a large population of people are now consuming these kinds of foodstuffs. According to Hellmich (60), as significant as 80 percent of youths are overlooking the impact calories can have on their health by underestimating the amount of calories in their meals. This trend is attributable to the fact that many people prefer foodstuff with much sugar, fat and salt (Peta 34). During free times, many people would still opt to taking cookies and snacks. Besides that, most people watch television while eating these snacks. This crea tes a worrying situation since watching television fosters overeating. However, those opposed to the fact that parents should be held responsible for obesity of their children have asserted that there are various factors that cause obesity and which parents have no control over. This is particularly in reference to genetics. Indeed, according to Green and Hayakawa (503) genetic characteristics are considered to play an important role in triggering obesity incidences. Characteristics, such as high human appetite and slow rate at which a body carries out metabolic activities, are all determined by genes and as well as can be inherited. Under condition of food sufficiency, these two would work together and result in perfect obese conditions. Individuals found to consist of a gene associated with fat mass are considered more susceptible to obesity risks than those without the gene. Furthermore, obesity is associated with various syndromes, which are linked to genetic variations. These s yndromes include Prader Willi syndrome, Cohen Syndrome, Bardiet-Biedl Syndrome and MOMO syndromes. Of the People who experience obesity in their early ages, especially below ten, about seven percent contained one point of mutations in DNA. Studies have also pointed out that over eighty percent of children born to obese parents risked obesity by about 80 percent (Allison and Hayakawa, 506). Moreover, the hypothesis of the thrifty gene presupposes that

Social Policy - Diabetes Essay Example for Free

Social Policy Diabetes Essay Examine a contemporary social issue (which may or may not have been covered during the module) paying particular attention as to why this issue has become problematic and for whom. Also, consider what should be done about your chosen issue and any role that nursing/social work might have in dealing with it. A social issue can be defined as ‘social conditions identified by scientific inquiry and values as detrimental to human well-being’ (Manis 1976). I believe that a social issue can be anything that affects a person in a bad way and affects their standard of living. It could be something from a health problem to something to do with a financial issue within someone’s home. I am going to focus on the health of the public and have chosen to pay attention to the social issue of diabetes type 2. I am going to pay particular attention to why diabetes has become problematic in the community and for who it is causing a problem to. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to maintain a normal blood glucose level, or your body is unable to use the insulin that is produced (NHS Choices). You are likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you are over the age of 40, have a relative with the condition or are overweight. A person is normally thought to have type 2 diabetes if he or she does not have type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent) or monogenetic diabetes (WHO). Patients that suffer from type 2 diabetes generally are given dietary guidance so that they can manage their blood sugar and they are also advised to take their blood sugar once a day to make sure that it is regular. Patients should also increase physical activity and control their weight. It is important that diabetes type 2 is controlled so that it doesn’t progressively get worse and lead to diabetes type 1 diabetes which would mean the patient would become insulin dependent. Diabetes type 2 is problematic for the patient as during everyday living they have to make sure they are aware of what they are eating and doing to make sure they control their own blood sugar to keep themselves healthy. A patient suffering from type 2 diabetes might feel self conscious at meal times as they may have to eat something different to the people they are dining with. This can cause the person’s self esteem to be decreased and they could be embarrassed to eat around other people as they might feel like they are being segregated from the group. A patient also has to exercise regularly which they might find difficult to fit into their lifestyle but in order to control their blood sugar effectively it should become an important part of their everyday life. It can also be problematic on the health costs. Current estimates suggest that direct health cost of diabetes accounts for 5% of the UK health cost (Payne, Barker 2010). This percentage doesn’t even include the full cost of the problem. There are also costs related to sickness from work, disability and more than 10% of hospital bed days. Since 1996 the number of people diagnosed with diabetes has increased from 1. 4 million to 2. 9 million. Most of these cases will be Type 2 diabetes, because of our ageing population and rapidly rising numbers of overweight and obese people. This suggests to us that the demands on the health service are going to increase which will therefore cost more money. These statistics also tell us that an increase in obesity is going to affect diabetes. Obesity is increasing in the UK such that over half the population are now overweight or obese. This has significant health consequences, causing an increase in the risk of diabetes (Payne, Barker 2010). The government have suggested that obesity is resulting in health costs increasing and life expectancy decreasing. One of the social consequences for a person that is obese or overweight is that they are seen negatively upon and discriminated against. This can happen in all situations in social environments and can affect a person in many different ways such as low self-esteem and depression. Obesity is causing an increase risk of diseases that are associated with it. This will also increase health costs as well as making the health of the public worse. If type 2 diabetes is not controlled then type 1 diabetes can develop. This is worse because the patient becomes dependant on insulin. It usually develops in the teenage years of someone’s life. This has to be given my subcutaneous injection (Payne, Barker 2010), this makes sure that the insulin levels are regular and forms the basis of dietary management. They will also have to regularly check their blood sugars. They will often need monitoring, assessment and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors because they have many features of metabolic syndrome. There are many different complications that are caused by diabetes. If you have diabetes, you are up to five times more likely to develop heart disease or have a stroke (WHO). When the blood glucose levels are increasing it results in the furring and narrowing of your blood vessels which may result in a poor blood supply to the heart. This can lead to a heart attack or a stroke. This doesn’t only put the patient’s life at risk but it also results in a huge cost on the NHS. It can also affect the patient’s family a friends hugely emotionally but also physically if they are in need of care after the event. It can change the patient’s life style dramatically. It is not only the blood vessels near the heart that are affected it is also the blood vessels in the nerves. This sometimes causes a tingling sensation in your limbs. If the nerves in the digestive system are affected a patient may experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation. This will make the patient’s life very uncomfortable. Blood vessels in the retina can become blocked or leaky, or can grow haphazardly. This prevents the light from fully passing through to your retina. If it is not treated, it can damage your vision (NHS Choices). If a patient doesn’t control their blood sugar levels they are very likely to develop serious eye problems. Having an annual eye check up with a specialist, an ophthalmologist, can help to see the signs of an eye problem sooner so that it can be treated. Another problem that diabetes can lead to in a blockage of the blood vessels in the kidney, this makes the kidneys work less efficiently. In very rare cases this can lead to kidney failure and the need for dialysis or even a kidney transplant. Another reason why diabetes affects people’s health and health costs is because 1 in 10 people with diabetes get a foot ulcer (WHO). Damage in the nerves of the foot can mean that small nicks and cuts are not noticed. They will not be noticed because the nerves are damaged the patient with these small cuts won’t feel the pain from them. If these small cuts are not noticed a serious infection can occur and it can lead to the development of a foot ulcer. If patients develop nerve damage they should check their feet every day and report any changes to a nurse or doctor. When a nurse is visiting a patient with diabetes they should look out for sores and cuts that do not heal as well as puffiness and swelling. There are always going to be other side effects to having diabetes but these are the most common. Another problem that diabetes can cause is an increased risk of a miscarriage or stillbirth. It is important that women that are pregnant are aware that they have diabetes so that the blood sugar level can be carefully controlled during the early stages of pregnancy. If it is not carefully controlled there is also an increased risk of the baby developing a birth defect (NHS Choices). Pregnant women with diabetes will usually have their antenatal check-ups in hospital or a diabetic clinic. As a nurse it is important we make sure pregnant women with diabetes are aware of this. This allows the care team to keep a close eye on the patient’s blood sugar levels and control your insulin dosage more easily, if you regulate your blood sugar using insulin. They will also be able to monitor the growth and development of your baby. Pregnant women are also at risk of having larger babies than normal which causes problems during the birth of the baby as well as the late stages of pregnancy. It can cause other problems to the mother during the birth such as ripping on the vagina or even to the stage they have to go through with a suzerain. All of these side affects cost the NHS money. This can be reduced by people eating healthier and exercising so that they do not form the illness of diabetes in the first place. One example of how much diabetes can cost health services is the Lucentis injection. This is a shot that helps to prevent people with severe diabetes going blind but it costs ? 1000. This is a huge amount of money when you put it into proportion to the amount of people that have diabetes in the UK. With around 5,000 new cases a year, NICE is reluctant to recommend the use of Lucentis for treating DMO, diabetic macular oedema (Global Diabetes Community). ‘A report by the NHS entitled Prescribing for Diabetes in England reported that over the last 5 years, the cost of drugs and treatments alone in order to treat people with diabetes had risen by 40% from ? 458.  6 million in 2004/5 to ? 649. 2 million in 2009/10’. These statistics tell us that the number of people in the UK with diabetes has risen. This could be due to the fact that the number of people that are obese in England has risen. The UK is the fattest country in Europe. The number of obese adults is forecast to rise by 73% over the next 20 years from to 26 million people, resulting in more than a million extra cases of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer (Global Diabetes Community). The cost of diabetes in 2010 was 13. 750 billion pounds just for the year on the NHS. This cost includes the treatment, drugs, inpatients and outpatient appointments for diabetes type 1 type 2. There is also other services that are included into the treatment such as the social service. The amount of money that is spent on each type of diabetes for each different area of expenditure can be seen in appendix 1. The cost of in patients with diabetes is the greatest. This is due to the fact when diabetes gets so severe people need time in hospital to recover and be treated for other illnesses that diabetes has caused them. Type 1 diabetes cost 1. 802 billion pounds in 2010 where as diabetes type 2 diabetes cost 11. 718 billion pounds. This is due to the fact type 2 diabetes is more common in the UK. Although it can be controlled by changing your lifestyle it is not always diagnosed and therefore can cause more problems than if the patient was aware they had this condition. There should always be actions in place to try and decrease the number of people in the UK that have diabetes. Published in 2001, The National Service Framework for Diabetes contains nine standards for the provision of high quality diabetes services in what it recognised as a growing area of need. The prevention of type 2 diabetes will play a major part in this because if people are eating healthier and exercising more they are less likely to form diabetes type 2 but if they do people should be able to identify that they have diabetes in order for them to control their own condition. By controlling their own blood sugar they will be less likely to end up in hospital with another illness related to this condition. In order to do this the NHS want to see public awareness campaigns to communicate the seriousness of diabetes and its complications, the risk factors of type 2 diabetes (Young 2011) This should hopefully point the public in the right direction to whether they have diabetes so that they can seek help and advice in order to keep as healthy as possible in their everyday life. It is important that as nurses we give advice to our patients they importance of NHS checkups and healthy living so that patients with diabetes reduce the risk of illness. As a nurse health promotion is always important for any condition. Health promotion has evolved into an extremely broad sphere of activity encompassing health education, lifestyle and preventative approaches (Scriven, Orme 2001). As nurses we have to concentrate on improving the health of our patients and the public. One way in which we can promote health to our patients is while we are working alongside them in hospital is to provide structured information in preparation for stressful events (Macdonald, Bunton 1992). When a patient has diabetes it could mean that we give the patient information about how to manage this condition at home so that they live a healthy lifestyle. There is a lot of substantial evidence that suggests passing on information to the patient and communicating with them reduces anxiety and speeds up recovery time. More recently, the need to adopt more individualised, patient-centred approaches, incorporating a recognition of the importance of self-efficiency beliefs and the wider barriers to taking health action, has been widely recognised (Norton 1998). This could suggest that one patient may just need the advice to be told to them while another patient needs instructions on how to use this advice at home, maybe written down or extra support at home depending on the health and well-being of this particular patient. While I was on placement it was an important job to help the patients chose what they would like to eat the next day by filling in a menu. For a diabetic they would have different choices and then a pudding with less sugar in to the other patients. It was important that as a student nurse helping them I helped to promote the healthier options to all patients in order for them to eat a healthy balanced diet. This would not only mean that they would eat healthier while in hospital but it would also give the patients an idea of what to eat at home to have a balanced diet. The department of health also help to ensure that the public with diabetes are cared for to reduce health costs and to improve the public’s health. One way that they do this is to ensure that local authorities commission a fully funded health check programme and a follow-up action.

Why does organisation undertake market research?

Why does organisation undertake market research? 1) Why does organisation undertake market research? What methods could they use? 1) The collection, analysis and communication of market to assist decision making in marketing is market research. Methods of market research: 1) Primary research: primary research includes getting such data that is not already used by any other organisation. It is especially made to get answer of some specific question that an organisation wants to procure. To get primary data a business should carry out field research: Face-to-face interview- Interviewer gets information from people. (Example-by visiting different houses on different streets) Telephone interviews- Same question like face-to-face interview are asked although often shortly. Online survey- Using internet is prominent way of getting primary data and it is also less expensive than other sources to get primary data. Questionnaires: Questionnaires are sent in post to get the information. Advantage of primary search- A) up to date B) Specific to the purpose C) No other business has access to collected data Secondary data- includes data that is already available. This data has been collected by someone else for another purpose. Secondary research involves exploration of secondary sources of data. Source of secondary data can come from within the firm itself. This is also known as internal secondary data. External secondary data is data that has been published by other firm. Advantages of secondary data: A) Ease of access B) Low cost of acquire C) May answer research question Types of market research: 1) Quantitative research- Statistical basis gathers statistically valid, numerically measurable data Usually related to data on market-size, market shares and growth Sampling plays a key role Data is gathered through surveys Concerned with obtaining hard copy 2) Qualitative research Subjective and personal Concerned with finding out soft information Main purpose is to understand consumer behaviour, perceptions and attitudes Obtained by methods designed to get detailed responses e.g. interview Research topic are usually explored in some depth There are two main qualitative methods- A) Depth interviewing: In most business markets depth interviews are very important form of qualitative research. B) Depth discussion: Focus groups are the main stay of consumer research. Here several customers are bought in discussion. These groups encourage creative ideas from participants. Purpose of market research To gain an understanding of markets To identify changes in the market To improve market answers To gain an understanding of customers needs To reduce the risk and uncertainty To forecast market trends To provide a sound basis for marketing decision To support marketing planning Importance of market research Research is not only used for learning. It is also used to make good decision. While research is key to Decision Making. It does not always to be effective. Some time small efforts such as doing research on internet provide needed information. Marketing research is becoming more important day-by-day by which the firm can get more profits. By market research firm get know about their customer taste what the customer want how much they can pay for the product. By doing market research we get information about other products their pricing and what needs to be done for a good promotion. Conclusion: From above discussion we can say that market research is way to get information about the product, customer and market. There are couple of method for market research such as discussed above primary research and secondary research. In primary research data is collected by face-to-face interview, telephone interview, online survey and questionnaires.   Secondary research is data which is already gathered by someone for another purpose. There are two types of market research as discussed above quantitative research and qualitative research. There are two type of qualitative method depth interviewing and depth discussion. With help of market research firm can procure a lot of information about the market, products, promotion, and distribution and so on that can be very helpful in taking marketing 2) What are they major factors affecting the pricing strategy of firms? What is pricing? Pricing is a method adopted by firm to set price of their product. It usually depends on average cost of product. Different pricing methods place varying degree of emphasis on selection, estimation and evaluation of costs and market situation. What is pricing strategy? Pricing strategy is activities aimed at finding products optimum objectives, consumer demand, market, economic trend and product price, typically including overall marketing. 1) Internal factors- A) Marketing objective- There are some marketing objective given below- To set a price in aim to cover just variable and fixed cost of a product. To set such price that cultivates optimum profit. To decide the price of product in such a way that they can procure leadership in market share. To set high prices in order to get quality leadership in market. B) Marketing mix In marketing mix, there are especially two alternatives as given below 1) Price positioning- In this, an organisation decides the price of any particular product first and then they take other decisions of marketing mix. 2) Non price positioning- In this process,organstions dont decide price first they opt different kind of marketing mix tools because they think customers dont always go for products of low prices. They opt high prices product in aim to get optimum quality and to show prestige and dignity. 2) External factors: Market and demand factors- In this, the price of a particular product depends on demand of product in the market. If products demand is higher than price can be kept higher but on the other hand if demand is lower than price must be lower to attract a certain range of customers. Competition: Almost all marketing decision including pricing will include an evaluation of competitors offerings. The impact of this information on actual setting of price will depend on the competitive nature of market. Government regulations; There is some governmental regulation that applies in deciding the price of any particular product. Marketers cant be price dictators they have to follow some rules and regulations made by government. Government have decided a certain level of price limit that cant be crossed or overcome by any marketer. Conclusion:- From the above discussion we can conclude that pricing is method to set a price of product by a firm to get higher profit or to survive in market. Pricing strategy is activities finding product optium, consumer demand and market needs to set a price. There are several factor affect price decision internal and external factor. Internal factor include marketing objective and marketing strategy. External factors include nature of market, demand competition and government regulations. All these factors play a vital role in pricing strategy of firms. 3) What are the main criticisms against marketing? To what extent are these criticisms valid? Marketing have thousands of benefits but even after that it is criticized due to some reason. There are some common criticisms against marketing. Marketing encourage people to purchase what they do not need: Possibly the criticism most frequently made about marketing is that marketers are only concerned with getting customer to buy whether they want the product or not. As we will discuss, while many marketers are guilty of manipulating customers into making their mind to buy products which they dont need. The vast majority understand that undertaking such method will not lead to loyal customers and is unlikely to lead to longer term success. Marketers adorn product claim: Marketers are often criticized for exaggerating the benefits offered by their product. This is especially the case with part of marketing that engages in customer communication. Such as advertising and sale people. the most serious problems arise when product claim are seen as misleading customers into believing a product can offer a certain level of value but it was not. But few times there is a fine line between what a rational person should accept as a ‘reasonable exaggeration and which is considered as downright deceiving. Fortunately, many countries offer customers some level of protection from misleading claims since such business practise may subject the marketer to legal action. Again using this method is likely to lead to marketing failure as customers dont like anything and will likely not return the product. Yes I think criticism is valid in marketing because marketers only wants to sell the their products they dont want customer to satisfy with the product their mean of selling product is only selfishness they only want profit nothing more than it. In some countries customer cant claim product if he/she is not satisfied with product this is because in some countries people buy products for occasionally use after that the occasion they claim the product and get money   back due to this marketers dont want be loss so they kicked claim policy in some countries but by this customers are always think twice before buy product in that country where we cant claim product so by this some real claim are disclosed due to no claim policy by which customer are dissatisfy so criticism is valid up to   high level in marketing I think so. Conclusion:- From the above discussion we can say that market is seen as benefits to firm and society there are a number of criticisms against marketing like to create a need where there is no need, so much exaggeration about products and false promises to the customers in aim to just increase the sale. So up to some extent these criticisms are valid but not all are alike. Has Feminism Achieved its Goals? Has Feminism Achieved its Goals? This essay will assess the question: has feminism achieved its goals? The essay will outline the three strands of feminism. The first section focuses on Liberal feminism which asserts the idea that in order for feminism to achieve its goals it must create equality among men and women. The second section turns to socialist feminism that believes that the only way feminist goals can be achieved is with the overthrow of the capitalist system and that of patriarchy. The Third and final section analyses radical feminism that advocates the goal of political lesbianism. This essay will conclude that feminism has not achieved its goals, however Liberal feminists believe their aim for equality is achievable in the near future. Has Feminism achieved its goals? Feminism as an issue first became prominent in the 17th and 18th century in France and America. It was not until the suffragette movement of the 19th century that feminism was seen as important in Britain. The scholar Estelle Freedman compares first and second-wave feminism saying that the first wave focused on rights such as suffrage, whereas the second wave was largely concerned with other issues of equality, such as ending discrimination.  [1]  Feminism is a contested issue, therefore difficult to define, due to the fact that feminism has a directory of meanings, however the term feminism can be used to describe a political, cultural or economic movement aimed at establishing equal rights and legal protection for women. Within feminism there are many strands, the most important and commonly known strands are Liberal, Socialist, Radical and more recently Post-modernist. Within these strands there is an on-going argument of whether or not feminism has achieved its goals. Early feminism was heavily influenced by liberalism. Liberal Feminists main goal comes from the liberal idea of equality of opportunity, freedom for the individual. The idea that everyone, both men and woman deserve to be considered to be of equal worth. However these liberal feminists take into consideration that this is not the case in society. Their goal thus being to create a society consisting of a culture of equal rights. They believe that womans subordination is a product of stereotyping, for instance seeing a woman as a mother only. It is often implied that feminine behaviour is a weakness meaning that men are seen as the stronger part of society, creating this inequality. Friedan sees this as the feminine mystique which she refers to as a cultural myth.  [2]  This is the idea that woman see certain things as more important; for instance the need for security and love is typically seen as feminine, whereas success and superiority is typically seen as masculine. This assum ption thus disadvantages women and separates them from entering employment. Liberal feminists therefore dismiss the notion that biological differences make women less competent than men, and believe that societies socialisation patterns need to change, so that gender socialisation does not occur, in other words males and females need to distance themselves from stereotypical roles. As both men and women our humans, they should have the same type of freedom and rights. Wollstonecraft asserts this view claiming that the distinction of sex would become unimportant in political and social life  [3]   Liberal Feminists believe that they can achieve this goal of equality through reform, for instance laws against sex discrimination in employment secures equal opportunities for woman. Added to this, they have the belief that society should not be organised by gender, but as Mill puts it: according to the principle of equality  [4]  and that accidents of birth like the sex of the child should be irrelevant, thus suggesting that women should be open to all the aspects of society, just like men, having all the rights and liberties that men enjoy such as the right to vote. Liberal Feminism is an optimistic theory, and overall believes that the goals of feminism are progressing and that over time gender equality will become the norm. This progression can be seen through different rights such as the right to initiate divorce proceedings and the reproductive rights of women to make individual decisions on pregnancy. Thus they believe that the goals of feminism may not be achieved at this moment in time, but the changes in society mean that soon they will be. Liberal feminists have been criticised for this over optimism, they see the obstacles to equality as simply the prejudices of individuals or irrational laws, ignoring the possibility that there are deep seeded structures causing womens oppression, such as patriarchy. Socialist and radical feminists criticise liberal feminists stating that one needs to recognise the underlying causes of female subordination, and that it is naive to believe that changes in the law will be enough to bring equality. Instead, they believe that revolutionary changes are needed. Socialist feminists connect the oppression of women to Marxist ideas about exploitation, oppression and labour. They think unequal standing in both the workplace and the domestic sphere holds women down. Socialist feminists see prostitution, domestic work, childcare and marriage as ways in which women are exploited by a patriarchal system that devalues women and the substantial work they do. They focus their energies on broad change that affects society as a whole, rather than on an individual basis. They see the need to work alongside not just men, but all other groups, as they see the oppression of women as a part of a larger pattern that affects everyone involved in the capitalist system. Socialist feminists dismiss the liberal feminist view that womens subordination is due to stereotypes. They see womens subordination as rooted in capitalism; although men may benefit from women, the main beneficiary is capitalism. For them the tension between men and women is due to the economic structure of society and only by overthrowing capitalism will women be equal to men. Thus their goal is: a revolution- that is they believe that the subordination of women can only be understood in terms of economic factors, for instance the idea that women are unpaid workers in the home. This subordination performs a number of functions for capitalism: women reproduce the labour force; women absorb the anger of men. Ansley for example describes wives as takers of shit  [5]  . It is for these reasons that womans interests and thus their goal should be the overthrow of capitalism. If this is their goal, then it is quite clear that feminism, according to the socialist feminist side has not achieved its goals. However modern socialist feminists refuse to look at the status of women in terms of economic factors and instead focus on the cultural roots. Mitchell suggests women perform four functions in society: 1) members of the workforce, 2) reproduce the human species 3) responsible for socialising children 4) sex objects.  [6]  Looking at this, the only way according to modern socialist feminists to achieve their goal is if they separate themselves from each of these areas, not just the idea of capitalism being replaced by socialism. This has yet to be achieved. Many criticisms have been made of socialist feminists. For some, they fail to explain womens subordination in non-capitalist societies. As womens subordination is also found there. Unpaid domestic labour may benefit capitalism, but it does not explain why it is women and not men who perform it. They place insufficient emphasis on the ways in which men and not just capitalism oppress women and benefit from their unpaid labour. Radical Feminism dismisses both liberal and socialist feminism, focusing on gender as the reason for all social divisions. They consider the male controlled capitalist hierarchy, which it describes as sexist, as the defining feature of womens oppression. Radical feminists believe that women can free themselves only when they have done away with what they consider an inherently oppressive and dominating patriarchal system. For them the key concept is Patriarchy: which literally means rule by fathers and is seen process of gender oppression. Patriarchy has come to mean a society where men dominate women, that there is a male-based authority and power structure and that it is responsible for oppression and inequality. As long as the system and its values are in place, society will not be able to be reformed in any significant way. Patriarchy is universal, existing in all societies. According to Firestone the origins of patriarchy are in biology; women bearing children makes them more dependent on men. However this is criticised by De Beauvoir who believes that the position of women is based not on natural factors but social factors, showing a critique of patriarchal culture. The basis of radical feminism is the idea that sexual oppression is the biggest feature of society and that other forms of inequality for instance class exploitation take a back seat. For radical feminists patriarchy is the biggest form of inequality, men are womens main enemy. Most radical feminists advocate the idea of separatism and Political lesbianism. Separatism refers to the idea of living apart from men creating a culture of female independence. Political Lesbianism is the idea that women become involved in lesbian relationships for political reasons. Many radical feminists argue that lesbianism is the only non-oppressive form of sexuality; feminism is the theory; lesbianism is the practice  [7]   The relationship between men and women must be transformed if women are to be free. Radical feminists argue that women and men should be separate, women should raise their consciousness about womens oppression in women only groups and they stress that political lesbianism is the only non-oppressive form of sexuality. Thus, this means that the goal of radical feminists is to live separate lives from men. However they recognise that this will not solve all the problems of the patriarchal society. Some radical feminists see no alternatives other than the total uprooting and reconstruction of society in order to achieve these goals. These goals have clearly not been achieved as heterosexual relationships are still the norm, although having said this there has been a rise of homosexual relationships in the last thirty years. Socialist feminists argue that class, not patriarchy, is the primary form of inequality. They also argue that capitalism is the main cause and beneficiary of womens oppression, and not men. Radical feminism offers no explanation of why female subordination takes different forms in different societies. It assumes that all women are in the same position and ignores class, ethnic differences. Liberal feminists argue that womens position has improved greatly and that women are now more equal to men. These three strands represent the different views and ideas of different feminist theorists. Although they all have different opinions, having considered all the arguments it is clear that they all believe that feminist goals have not been achieved. Liberal feminists believe that they are well on their way to achieving equality, whereas both socialist and radical feminists disagree. Socialist feminists asserting the view that an overthrow of capitalism is needed, whereas radical feminists assert the view that in order to be free they need to live separate lives from men.