Health Consequences Of Domestic Violence - 997 Words

Domestic Violence, as is explained on the online journal of issue in Nursing by Claire Burke Draucker, is one of the first concerned worldwide; it does not only cause damages physically but mostly mentally. Many of this damage and violence may go unreported because the victim may be scare of the abuser and not reported to the police at all. It’s classified into three different categories, Spouse Partner Abuse, Child Abuse, and elder abuse. First, spouse or partner abuse is considered: â€Å"intimate partner abuse includes abuse by current or former spouses or romantic or co- habituating partners† (Claire Burke Draucker, 2015, p 2). Health consequences related to this may include from mayor to minor injuries like bruises or factures. Some stress related consequences like headache and eating disorder. Sexual violence may result into urinary tract infections, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic pain. Also, mental effects include depression, substance abuse, and suicidality. Se cond, child abuse is â€Å"non-accidental physical injury that results in harm or substantial risk of harm; some statutes specify the types of acts or overt consequences that constitute to physical abuse† (Claire Burke Draucker, 2015, p 4). Laws related to child abuse differ by state. Child abuse includes emotional abuse such as verbal assaults; physical abuse include body assaults that cause a risk for any kind of damage; and sexual abuse considered any sexual act between underage person and an adult. Lastly, elderShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence : A Global Phenomenon1653 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Domestic violence is considered a global phenomenon; research suggests that up to fifty percent of women worldwide have been physically abused by their intimate partner. Domestic violence can be defined as an incident or threatening behavior regarding violence or abuse between adults who are or have been considered intimate partners (Bradbury-Jones, C., Duncan, F., Kroll, T., Moy, M., Taylor, J. 2011, p 35). Domestic Violence is a serious and prevalent health issue that affects victimsRead MoreGender And Gender Violence1482 Words   |  6 PagesGender-based violence is the unequal power relationships between men and women. It includes rape, sexual assault and harassment, domestic abuse, and stalking. Gender violence reflects the idea that violence is often used to uphold structural gender inequalities. Gender violence includes all types of violence against men, women, children, gay, lesbian, and transgender people. Gender violence may be experienced differently based on the social variables of race, age, gender, social class or anotherRead MoreThe Domestic Violence Act 1995 Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pages1 in 4 woman will experience a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) throughout the course of their relationships (New Zealand Family Violence Clearhouse, 2015). The Domestic Violence Act 1995 (2014) defines violence in this instance as physical , sexual and psychological abuse. This abuse has a myriad of health consequences on all members of the whÄ nau, including children who witness or are subjected to this violence. The primary health care (PHC) nurse has a range of responsibilities in theseRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children1207 Words   |  5 PagesShadows of Violence Domestic violence and abuse can happen to anyone, regardless of their race, gender, age, ethnicity, education, income, or other factors. In the homes where violence and abuse are present, every member of the family is affected. Almost every healthy intimate relationship experiences ups and downs, but when the behavior of one person consistently tears down the other person -whether physically, mentally, emotionally, or economically- it is considered abuse. The abuse usually isRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence ( Tda )1654 Words   |  7 Pageswith, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been around for a very long time and it is still a present issue in the United States. There are many forms intimate partner violence such as, sexual, physical, emotional, and psychological. IPV occurs among all religious, socioeconomic, and cultural groups in the United States and other countries. As many people know intimate partner violence tends to come with consequences after the damage is done to t he victim. Intimate partner violence does not just happenRead MorePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Nursing Interventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (BlackRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1654 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence against women has been recognised internationally by the world Health Organization (WHO, 2013).Women has been facing different types of violence since the age of 15 such as physical, emotional or verbal abuse. The highest prevalence of domestic violence (DV) is from their intimate partner/perpetrator both physical emotional (WHO, 2013). It has been depicted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2013) that rate of domestic violence against women by their intimateRead MoreIntroduction. This Paper Describes The Headline Findings1409 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION This paper describes the headline findings from Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) on the extent of, and trends in, domestic abuse among the black women in the United Kingdom aged 18 to 45, who are the resident in households of England and Wales. Domestic abuse includes a number of various forms of physical as well as non-physical abuse consisting of partner and family abuse, sexual assault and stalking. The abuse can be either of the victim-offender relationship or of the abuseRead MoreDomestic Violence Affects Women Health1399 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom domestic violence every day, from physical, emotional, and even verbal abuse. Violence towards women is very important because it can cause a huge impact on women’s health and can even get as serious as death. So many women are getting some form of abuse and aren’t aware of how serious it can be. The problem that I will be discussing is how domestic violence affects women health. When previously taking Women’s Studies and Intro to Women’s Health, this problem was discussed. Domestic ViolenceRead MoreTheoretical Framework on Domestic Violence1416 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretical Framework on Domestic Violence Theoretical Framework Domestic Violence among Women and Children A Theoretical Framework are theories that is formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge, within the limits of the critical bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory which explains

King Richard Iii and Looking for Richard Essay Plan Free Essays

ESSAY PLAN!!!!!!!!! Intro * Both Shakespeare’s Richard III and Al Pacino’s Looking for Richard both portray central values and ideas of the time. * The texts ideas are reflected by the context of the time. * Both texts written in different time periods meaning completely different contexts which shape the text. We will write a custom essay sample on King Richard Iii and Looking for Richard Essay Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Through Pacino’s hybrid style docudrama, he attempts to demystify Shakespeare’s Richard III, making it more accessible to the everyday person. Shakespeare shows the journey in Richard III of Richard himself on his dark quest to becoming king by both using his literary skills and performance to attain what he wants, ultimately being power. * Both texts use propaganda but whereas Shakespeare alludes to the Tudor Myth which is ingratiating himself to his patrons. Whereas Pacino is being more provocative. He is challenging the authority that the British literary world has over Shakespeare. * Both texts also use performance to connect ideas between the two Para 1- Richard III * Context – War of the Roses – now that his house has won the battle. He wants to be king – Tudor Myth – had to ingratiate to the Tudor house and uphold their reign. This too is one of Pacino’s main challenges as he is expressing an egalitarian society where all people and their views are equal as he speaks to various people on the street. However Shakespeare had to ingratiate his monarch, the Tudor House and ensure Tudor patronage. * Throughout the entire play, Shakespeare depicts Richard as a monstrous Machiavellian. Who Nicollo Machiavelli described in his book which was written in Shakespeare’s time is when a person may use craft or deceit in order to maintain or achieve power. Shakespeare presents Richard in this way as he was from the House York which is what the Tudors opposed when they first came to power. * Opening soliloquy – See Richards true character and his intentions in the play. Recognises himself in the play, â€Å"I am determined to prove a villain. † Metafiction shown. Richard feels that he needs to get into power to make up for him being â€Å"rudely stamped,† and â€Å"Cheated of feature by dissembling nature. † * Shakespeare exaggerates and devalues Richard in this manner to perpetuate the Tudor myth whilst demonising Richard, which institutes the Tudor reign as one of providence and divine sanctioning. Para 2 – looking for Richard * CHALLENGES – Pacino isn’t challenging the actual information and ideas expressed in Richard III. But rather he is challenging the British literary world, and their belief that they hold all the knowledge to Shakespeare’s plays. He does this constantly throughout the entire film, showing scenes of British scholars where he has put them on the spot making them seem as if they don’t know anything. A great example of this is when he is interviewing Emrys Jones, a well-known Shakespeare academic and he is asked a question to which he responds, â€Å"I don’t really know the answer. Straight away the scene is cut and immediately followed by a different scene of Pacino explaining exactly what the British scholar couldn’t. The constant use of cutting and framing different scene helps Pacino not only challenge the British literary world by giving them the message that he and numerous other Americans which he inter viewed on the streets hold knowledge about Shakespeare. But also, the fact that he can make it into a film as well proves that they are wrong that the actor holds the power to. â€Å"You want to do it wiz your American accent? Shows jarring which stirs the audience’s image that Pacino can produce a successful version of the play. Pacino challenges not only this question, but the actual theory that Shakespeare put forward * REFLECTS – I do believe however that in this aspect of Looking for Richard, Pacino challenges the ideas more. In one scene of the play Pacino and Kimball travel to England and visit the house which Shakespeare grew up in, in hope that they would achieve some sort of epiphany of knowledge about the plays. Linking back to the point that the British believe they ‘own’ the knowledge on Shakespeare. However they find that they did not feel any epiphany or difference at all, proving again that the British do not hold all the power and knowledge over Shakespeare and his plays and that actors like himself can possibly hold more knowledge that the academics and scholars. Para 3 – Richard III – performance * Lady Anne scene – Richard turns from the monstrous Machiavellian character we see throughout most of the play, into a romantic wooer. He uses rhetorical language such as pathos to connect with her emotions which assists him in essentially ‘capturing’ Lady Anne. The fact that Richard had just killed her husband King Edward, with her still being with his coffin just makes Richard seem even more powerful as he still manages to pull Lady Anne into marrying him. Although in this scene Lady Anne proves to hold the knowledge of language too as there is constant stichomythia between the two characters through most of the scene but the line which best shows this is when Richard says â€Å"Bid me kill myself. I will do it. † And Lady Anne responds with â€Å"I have already. † Showing that she can be quite witty too, but not enough for Richard. Pacino shows his power of being director by taking out a lot of the stichomythia between Richard and Lady Anne which removes some of her agency, that causing Richard to seem more powerful, convincing and in control. Para 4 – Looking for Richard – performance * CHALLENGES – Penelope Allen shows the power of both the actor and method acting. It challenges the fact that women had no dominant role in society, whereas in this scene of Looking for Richard, we see her using method acting to get into character in rehearsal and raise her voice over all the other men and women in the room when she says, â€Å"If he were dead, what would betide on me? Pacino provides the point here that using performance to change into character, can allow women to be completely dominant over men in a modern society. * REFLECTS – Both Pacino and Shakespeare’s Richard both change character to essentially get what they want. Richard, wanting power to be king. Pacino wanting power over his film. Pacino, the star actor and also director of his own film, changes character various times throughout the film. One of the key scenes depicting his want for power is when he is being the actor and discussing a few lines in the play with his assistant director, Kimball and Pacino decides to completely change the script. â€Å"G of Edwards heirs the murderer shall be. † Is what the line usually says. But Pacino changes it to, â€Å"C of Edwards heirs the murderer shall be. † This gives Pacino the power as he now has control over both the film and its script. He changes this as he believes it will be easier for people to understand and ultimately once again make the play more ‘accessible’ for the audience. How to cite King Richard Iii and Looking for Richard Essay Plan, Essay examples

Cholecyctokinin and panic disorder Essay Example For Students

Cholecyctokinin and panic disorder Essay Cholecyctokinin is a neuropeptide found in the gastrointestinal system and brain. Research has shown that it has various isolated fragments that may influence several important areas of human behavior, such as nociception, satiety and anxiety. Cholecystokinin receptors located in the central nervous system (CNS) are known as CCK-B receptors, and they have high affinity for the tetrapeptide fragment CCK-4. Anxiogenic effect of CKK-4 in humans suggested that it might be involved in pathogenesis of panic disorder, and opened new avenues of research into biological aspects of anxiety. Further research showed increased sensitivity of panic disorder patients to CCK-4 in comparison with normal volunteers. Next, substances capable of blocking CCK-B receptors (CCK-B antagonists) were synthesized and their action was evaluated. One of such antagonists, L-365,260 proved to be effective in blocking CCK-4 induced panic attacks in panic disorder sufferers. However, a pilot study failed to show the effectiveness of the same antagonist in decreasing the frequency of spontaneous panic attacks in panic disorder patients during the course of six weeks. Though CCK-B antagonists may prove to become great potential anxiolitic agents, more research has to be done in order to understand the mechanism of CCK-4 action as a neurotransmitter and its role in naturally occurring panic attacksEthiology of panic disorder: a brief overviewPanic disorder, (PD) is a recognized psychiatric condition and is identified in DSM-III-R as a condition separate from other anxiety disorders. Its main feature is occurrence of unprovoked panic attacks, which happen at random and cannot be explained by the patients. These attacks of fear are closely associated with an overwhelming subjective feeling of anxiety in connection with unpleasant bodily sensations, such as increased heartbeat/palpitations, hot flushes/chills, abdominal distress, nausea, sweating, trembling/shaking, etc. Along with objectively groun dless emotional symptoms, e.g. fear of losing control, sense of unreality and detachment, even fear of dying they affect PD sufferers, interfering with social and professional aspects oftheir lives. Some PD patients associate panic attacks with certain objects or situations, and therefore phobias, especially agoraphobia , are closely associated with the PD. The ethiology of PD is not clear, and most theories support either a psychological or a neurobiological view. The most developed psychological explanation is cognitive theory of PD. According to Clarks model, the panic attack develops as a result of misinterpretation of unpleasant bodily sensations,which leads to increasing feeling of anxiety and progresses to a fully developed panic. This misinterpretation is defined as anxiety sensitivity, and it present in PD patients. When challenged by panicogenic pharmacological agents, anxiety sensitivity causes a faster and stronger response in PD sufferers than in healthy individuals.2 B iological theories concentrate on implicating pathological disturbances in the neurotransmitter systems, including GABA, serotonin (5HT) and noradrenaline. Recently attention was given to a less known neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK). Though it was first discovered in the gastrointestinal tract (it is secreted by the small intestine and stimulates gall bladder contractions), its abundant presence in the mammalian brain indicated on its possible functions as a behavior-regulating neurotransmitter. Various electrophysiological data and animal studies linked CCK to anxiety regulation. For example, its excitatory role on pyramidal neurons of hippocampal area was first observed in rats after electrophoretic administration of CCK, and increased density of CCK-B receptors was detected in rats with low exploratory activity and with novelty-avoidance behavior.7 The later, also known as novelty stress sensitivity, is often observed in panic disorder patients.. Anxiogenic properties of CCK w ere demonstrated in various animal models of anxiety, and results of only one of these studies suggested anxiolytic rather than anxiogenic properties of CCK.7 The first human study which demonstrated CCK anxiogenic properties was conducted by De Montigny in 1989. The study did not include a control group and all participants were healthy volunteers. Upon injection of various doles of CCK (20-100 mg) 70% of participants developed panic attack symptoms.7 This discovery was confirmed a year later by Bradwejn and colleagues, who have contributed heavily to the research on the role of CCK as panicogenic agent. In 1991 they confirmed De Montignys observation with the use of a double-blind experimental design.7 Unlike de Montigny, Bradwejns study included no healthy volunteers, but rather panic disorder patients, who were randomly subjected to injections of either .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .postImageUrl , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:hover , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:visited , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:active { border:0!important; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:active , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Detailed Lesson Plan in Science Iii(Parts of the Ears Essay

SLAVERY Essays - Slavery In The United States, Abolitionism

SLAVERY Modern research seems to prove what novelist Harriet Beecher Stowe said with her 1859 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. The dehumanizing experience of slavery affects every member of society. Many African American humans were really affected by slavery. Slavery was a problem that faced all Americans in the years prior to the American Civil War. Many Americans wanted to bring about an end to it but were unable to come up with a workable plan. Slavery in America stems well back to when the new world was first discovered and was led by the country to start the African Slave Trade-Portugal. The African Slave Trade was first exploited for plantations in that is now called the Caribbean, and eventually reached the southern coasts of America. Slavery was a practice which was much favored by the South. In the North, Americans were more industrial oriented, and had little use for slaves. The woman slaves usually worked in the homes, cooking and cleaning, whereas the men were sent out into the plantations to farm. Slaves were of all ages and sexes so the young girls would usually help in the house also and young boys would help in the farm by bailing hay and loading wagons with crops. The slaves made up nearly a third of the South's population around the year of 1860. Their was nearly 4 million slaves in the southern states. As you can see slavery was very common in the southern states. George Washington was America's hero. He was America's first president. He was a slave owner. He deplored slavery but did not release his slaves. His will stated that they would be released after the death of his wife. Washington wasn't the only president to have slaves. Thomas Jefferson wrote, "All men are created equal," but died leaving his blacks in slavery. Owners housed their slaves and provided them with food and clothing. Field hands worked long hard days, longer than any other slaves. Their workday generally lasted from sunrise to sunset. Some of these slaves were housed as well as free workers, but many others were lived under the worst conditions. Most house slaves lived with in their owner's home. They worked fewer hours and had more privileges than did the field hands, but were more subject to the wishes of the owners families. No Southern State gave slaves the legal right to marry, own property, testify in court, or earn their freedom. If the slave disobeyed, the owner replied on punishment, such as lashings, short rations, and threats to sell members of the slave's family. These punishment you can imagine was a very unequal contest, the owners held all the powers of reward and punishment. The slaves although used flattery, sabotage, and many other tactics to outwit their owners. As slavery continued and as it did more and more slaves tried to escape to the free states or into Canada. A runaway slave would be found by bloodhounds, that were trained to find black slaves. Then the slave, upon returning, would be executed or severely whipped. The "Underground Railroad" was a project that helped black slaves escape into Canada, especially Amerstburg. The system involved 3,000 white helpers and freed an estimated 75,000 people after the civil war. During the early 1800's, abolitionists started a crusade to end slavery. Southerners then began to defend slavery in what became known as the proslavery movement. Some Southerners in the movement argued that slavery reflected "the law of nature," that permitted the strong to rule the weak. Southerners also insisted that the Bible supported slavery and still others claimed that Southern slavery provided blacks lifelong security and better living conditions than they would have had in Africa. By 1860, most Southerners identified their honor and destiny with the continuation of slavery. Then in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was issued which made slavery illegal in the states the rebelled and allowed black slaves to serve in the army and get other jobs, or continue to work on the plantations, as employees making money. Harriet Beecher Stowe's book, Uncle Tom's Cabin showed all different aspects of what the slaves had to go through and the way they worked with masters at their sides at all times. Harriet Beecher

Sample Teacher Essay For Job - Step-By-Step Guide

Sample Teacher Essay For Job - Step-By-Step GuideIf you are looking for a way to get a more positive note from your job application, consider writing a sample teacher essay for job. Writing a sample teacher essay for a job is one of the best ways to boost your resume and showcase your abilities in an exciting and creative manner. You might be wondering how the steps that go into creating a teacher resume can really benefit you when it comes to finding a job.Writing a good teacher resume is not as hard as it may seem at first glance. As you look through the sample resume writer sample software you will find that it contains a variety of exercises that will make it easy for you to create a professional resume in no time. Below are some of the steps that you can start by reading through the sample resume as a step-by-step guide.As you read through the material in the sample resume, the first and most important step is making sure that the information contained in the resume is current. The information is necessary for it to be included on the job application. In addition, once you have prepared your resume you need to put it in front of the person who will be evaluating your work experience and abilities. This will make it easier for them to decide whether or not you are the right person for the job.The next step is to take the time to analyze and write about the accomplishments that you have made in the past. This is an important aspect in teaching because you want the employer to have as much of a glimpse into what it will be like working with you. List the jobs that you have held, the academic degrees that you have earned, and any awards that you may have received.Once you have outlined all of the information that you feel should be included on your resume, you will need to list your professional characteristics. These should be in order of your qualifications rather than in order of age. From there, you can highlight your qualifications and achievements and in corporate them into your resume.You should include all of the information that is contained in the sample teacher resume in order to make it professional and appealing. The teacher resume that you choose to use should also reflect your personality and state clearly that you have the ability to be a great teacher. It will be easier for the employer to determine if you are the right person to hire.As you read through the sample teacher essay for a job, you will find that it is very easy to follow the steps to write a quality resume. By taking some time to read through the materials you will be able to decide whether or not you are the right candidate for the job. With the extra steps that are included in the application, it will be a lot easier for you to make sure that you are the right choice for the position.

Benjamin Franklins Diplomatic Mission essays

Benjamin Franklin's Diplomatic Mission essays Benjamin Franklins single most significant contribution to American history was his diplomatic mission that convinced France to help America in their fight against Britain for independence. It may not have happened in America but it sure changed the face of the country as we know it today. As a matter of fact, there might not have been an America had he not gotten the help from France that America so desperately needed. It started with the Continental army suffering a series of devastating losses. With the pressure of all of Great Britain on Americas shoulders, Congress was grasping at straws trying to get all the help they could find. State militias were refusing to march and Continental forces were scattered all throughout the colonies. Congress decided they needed help, and a lot of it. Dutch funds were arriving but werent enough to put munitions in every mans hands. With men running low, Congress made a bold move. They were to send a representative to France to ask for help. Benjamin Franklin was their man. Franklin was sent in 1776 and arrived in France in late December to a warm reception. He was very popular in France and was addressed as Dr. Franklin. His popularity was to serve him well in his mission to receive assistance. He was obliged with many parties thrown in his honor and he made friends with many high-ranking French officials. His first objective was to get France, or better, Louis XVI to formally recognize America as its own country. After that, he could then ask for assistance be it any of the three ms...men, munitions, or money. Franklin couldnt just simply ask the French for help without the promise of something in return, so he also had to convince the French that it would be a wise investment to help. With all this in mind, an agreement was close behind. After a long while and many bargains later, an agreement was signed on February 6, 1778. It was the Treaty of Paris....

Difference Between Samstag, Sonnabend, and Sonntag

Difference Between Samstag, Sonnabend, and Sonntag Samstag and Sonnabend  both mean Saturday and can be used interchangeably. So why does Saturday get two names in German? First of all, which version to use depends on where you live in the German-speaking world. Western and southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland use the older term â€Å"Samstag†, whereas eastern and northern Germany tend to use Sonnabend. The former GDR (in German: DDR) recognized Sonnabend as the official version. Historically the term Sonnabend, which means The evening before Sunday, can be traced back surprisingly to an English missionary! It was none other than St. Bonifatius, who was determined during the 700’s to convert the Germanic tribes in the Frankish empire. One of his items on his to-do list was to replace the word Samstag or Sambaztac as it was known then, which was of Hebraic origin (Shabbat), to the Old English term â€Å"Sunnanaefen.† This term made sense since it signified the evening and later on the day before Sunday and thus was easily integrated into old high German. The term â€Å"Sunnanaefen† evolved into the middle high German â€Å"Sun[nen]abent† and then finally into the version we speak today.As for St. Bonifatius, despite his successful mission among the Germanic people, was killed by a group of inhabitants in Frisia (Friesland), which is known nowadays as the Netherlands (Niederlande) and northwestern Germany today. It is interesting to note that the Dutch kept the original version for Saturday only (zaterdag). The Cultural Meaning of Samstag The Saturday  evening was always the day where they would show the main blockbusters on TV. We remember studying the TV magazine - we admit, we are a bit older- and really feeling the Vorfreude (joy of anticipation) when we saw a Hollywood movie being shown on Saturday. On Saturdays, they would also show the big entertainment shows like Wetten Dass...? which you might have heard of. Its host Thomas Gottschalk (his name literally means: Gods Joker) most likely still lives in the US nowadays. We loved that show when we were younger and less thinking about what was going on there. Later we realized that it was actually pretty horrible. It entertained millions of people and so far everyone following into Gottschalks footsteps has failed to continue his success. It was big news when they finally put that dinosaur to sleep.   Sonnabend versus Sonntag Now that you know that Sonnabend is actually the evening before Sonntag (Sunday) you might be able to easily distinguish these two German weekdays. The Sunday though is a very special day in Germany. In our youth, it was the day that the family would spend together and in case you were religious youd go to church in the morning to start off the day. It was also the day all the stores in the countryside are closed. Which lead to a little culture shock when we came to Poland in 1999 and saw many stores open on Sunday. We had always thought that the Sunday was some kind of Christian holiday but as the Poles were even stricter Christians than the Germans, we couldnt quite grasp this. So dont be surprised when you come to Germany. Even in the bigger cities, the main stores are closed. The only way to get what you urgently desire is to go to a Tankstelle (gas station) or a Spti (late shop). Expect the prices to be up to 100% higher than usual.